Difference between revisions of "ChatGPT"

Revision as of 00:51, 28 January 2023

ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) ^[1] is a large-scale language generation model launched on November 30th, 2022 by OpenAI. The model is trained on a massive dataset of human-generated text and can generate human-like text in a wide range of styles and formats.

Training

ChatGPT is based on OpenAI's GPT-3.5, an upgraded version of GPT-3, the A.I. text generator ^[2]. The GPT3.5 language model was initially built from a data set with 175 billion parameters including web content and other publicly available sources ^[3]. Supervised machine learning techniques were then used to build the model. Supervised learning refers to a class of systems and algorithms that determine a predictive model using data points with known outcomes. The model is learned by training through an appropriate learning algorithm (such as linear regression, random forests, or neural networks) that typically works through some optimization routine to minimize a loss or error function. ^[4]. By using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, human trainers played the role of both the user and the AI agent—generating a variety of responses to any given input and then evaluating and ranking them from best to worst ^[5]. This data was used to train a reward model.

An OpenAI reinforcement learning algorithm called Proximal Policy Optimization was used to fine-tune results ^[6]. Proximal Policy Optimization balances ease of implementation, sample complexity, and ease of tuning to compute an update at each step that minimizes the cost function while ensuring the deviation from the previous policy is relatively small ^[7]. The Transformer architecture used in ChatGPT is a type of neural network that is particularly well-suited to natural language processing tasks. The architecture is based on the idea of self-attention, which allows the model to weigh the importance of different words in a sentence when generating new text. This allows the model to generate text that is more coherent and relevant to the input. ^[8]

Capabilities

ChatGPT's main function is to mimic a human conversation. However, it can perform other functions as well. It has the ability to generate responses in a chatbot or virtual assistant, brainstorm content ideas on keywords or topics, create personalized communications such as email responses or product recommendations, create marketing content like blog posts or social media updates, translate text from one language to another, generate shorter summaries of long documents, and write and debug computer programs ^[9].

Reception and Interest

After launching in November 2022, ChatGPT ________________________ (add some stat about popularity). ** add a sentence about companies that are interested in being a part of / acquiring open AI for chatGPT **. Buzzfeed Inc Chief Executive Jonah Peretti spoke about relying on ChatGPT creator OpenAI to enhance its quizzes and personalize some content for its audiences ^[10]. In January 2023, Microsoft confirmed it was making a "multibillion dollar" investment in OpenAi and said it plans to expand the partnership as part of a greater effort to add more artificial intelligence to its suite of products. ^[11] In December 2022, Google internally expressed alarm at the unexpected strength of ChatGPT and the newly discovered potential of large language models to be a serious threat to its main search business. ^[12]. Sunday Pichai, Google's Chief executive, upended the work of many teams to respond to the threat that ChatGPT poses ^[13].

Ethical Considerations

Misuse

One of the key ethical considerations with ChatGPT and other similar models is the potential for misuse. For example, the model's ability to generate realistic text could be used to spread misinformation or propaganda. Dr. Marcel Scharth of the University of Sydney demonstrated ChatGPT's ability to generate fake news with a fake news story about former President Barack Obama ^[14]. ADD PICTURE FROM ARTICLE HERE. Additionally, the model's ability to impersonate individuals or groups online could be used to harass or defraud others.

Correctness of Responses

One concern that OpenAI addresses directly is the correctness of ChatGPT's responses. OpenAI notes that "ChatGPT sometimes writes plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers" and fixing this issue is difficult because there’s no source of truth during reinforcement learning, training the model to be more cautious causes it to decline questions that it can answer correctly, and supervised training misleads the model because the ideal answer depends on what the model knows, rather than what the human demonstrator knows. ^[15] In early December 2022, Stack Overflow, a question-and-answer site for programmers, temporarily banned users from sharing responses generated by ChatGPT because "ChatGPT simply makes it too easy for users to generate responses and flood the site with answers that seem correct at first glance but are often wrong on close examination" ^[16].

Job Market Impact

There is also a concern about the impact of language models like ChatGPT on the job market. With the ability to generate high-quality text, the model could potentially automate the work of writers, editors, and other language-based professions. This could lead to significant job loss and economic disruption. In December 2022, Harvard Business Review warned about the potential for ChatGPT to take over roles traditionally held by humans such as copywriting, answering customer service inquiries, writing news reports, and creating legal documents. ^[17]. Marketing roles such as market research, Search Engine Optimization, and product descriptions can be automated using ChatGPT which threatens the Marketing Job Market ^[18]

Impact on Education

ChatGPT has the potential to have negative impacts on education systems as well. One concern is that it could lead to a decrease in critical thinking and creativity among students. When students are relying too heavily on ChatGPT-generated content, quizzes, or homework, they may not be developing their own understanding and problem-solving skills. Additionally, when students are using ChatGPT to generate answers to questions or complete assignments, it could lead to academic dishonesty and cheating.

Limitations

References:

1. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html
2. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html
3. ↑ https://www.eweek.com/big-data-and-analytics/chatgpt/
4. ↑ https://deepai.org/machine-learning-glossary-and-terms/supervised-learning
5. ↑ https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/
6. ↑ https://www.eweek.com/big-data-and-analytics/chatgpt/
7. ↑ https://openai.com/blog/openai-baselines-ppo/
8. ↑ https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/
9. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2022/12/21/chatgpt-everything-you-really-need-to-know-in-simple-terms/?sh=7adc5d67cbca
10. ↑ https://www.wsj.com/articles/buzzfeed-to-use-chatgpt-creator-openai-to-help-create-some-of-its-content-11674752660
11. ↑ https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/tech/microsoft-invests-chatgpt-openai/index.html
12. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/21/technology/ai-chatgpt-google-search.html
13. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/21/technology/ai-chatgpt-google-search.html
14. ↑ https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2022/12/08/the-chatgpt-chatbot-is-blowing-people-away-with-its-writing-skil.html
15. ↑ https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/
16. ↑ https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/5/23493932/chatgpt-ai-generated-answers-temporarily-banned-stack-overflow-llms-dangers
17. ↑ https://hbr.org/2022/12/chatgpt-and-how-ai-disrupts-industries
18. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2023/01/17/how-will-chatgpt-affect-your-job-if-you-work-in-advertising-and-marketing/?sh=21983fc639a3