Parody

A parody (also known as spoof) is an instance where one intentionally copies or imitates a subject, event, or scenario. In literature, it is used for comedic effect or for ridicule. In other applications, it can be used for simulations that imitate particular scenarios, people or subjects. Parodies can be found in music, film, literature, and animation. Derived from ancient Greek terms, the word was adapted from “parodia” for the equivalent to the Latin phrase ad imitationem. In French Neoclassical literature, a parody was a new defamiliarization from where it’s target text is imitated mostly from another form of literature. Parodies use techniques that exaggerates features and patterns of its subject to expose it as superficial and cliché-ridden. In literature, parodies aim to criticize the text, literary techniques, characters or fictitious worlds. Its main importance is how it illuminates perpetuated misconceptions from the public audience. Literature parodies allow for the broadening of understanding of intertextuality through the use of comic effects.

Music

In musicology, a parody is considered an imitation of another piece of work. However, there are two different groupings of parodies. The first group of musical parodies contain deformation methods. Deformation is when the target subject of the parody undergoes modifications that distort or even destroy it. One example is the use of hyperboles for exaggeration and emphasis on particular signs or patterns in the original that has been parodied. The second parodic technique of agglutination where there is a clash of styles when it does not correspond to the original subject’s text.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/24327327?seq=10#page_scan_tab_contents

In contemporary music, parodies use the same accompaniment music to a different textual lyrics. These are used to elicit comedic effects. One notable parodic artist is Weird Al Yankovic, with hit songs such as White & Nerdy and Straight Outta Lynwood. Another musical group, Mac Sabbath is a heavy metal band that parodies both Black Sabbath and McDonalds. http://weirdal.com/ https://www.facebook.com/macsabbath

Ethical Implications

Owner Ship

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Websites

Known as website spoofing or a hoax, website parodies are either used for comedic effect or spread misinformation. Representing the target subject, the website is created by a different organization or person. Similar to other parodies in literature, the structure and format are usually the same with the content different. In other instances, only the URL is imitated, but the content is different. Notable examples are whitehouse.com which redirects to a porn site and uofmrejects.com which directs users to the Michigan State University homepage. Often political, website parodies attempt to get their message across with the use of humor. For instance, theonion.com parodies current news and the American public while martinlutherking.org has format in looking like an informational website for Martin Luther King Jr, but actually has White supremacy information. �

Ethical Implications

http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/sep00/piper.htm

http://martinlutherking.org/ http://www.theonion.com/ uofmrejects.com

Video Games

Parodies in video games come in many different forms. One is the traditional definition of parody where the target subject is a person, event, or scenario. The first mainstream parody video game was The Bard’s Tale for PlayStation2 and Xbox in 2004. The other is to imitate the game itself, known as fangames, fangames attempt to remake the original game’s structure and characters to make a unique game with the original as a template. As early as the 2000s, the first known and popular fanmade game was Pokemon Gale started in Fbruary 2007 which parodied Pokemon Fire Red and Pokemon Leaf Green. It was shut down in 2008 due to complications of video game development and lack of contribution between fan game developers.

http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/r_bardstale_x http://www.pokecommunity.com/showthread.php?t=80281

A screenshot of The Best Game of The Year 420 Blaze It.

Ethical Implications

http://games.mxdwn.com/news/nintendo-takes-down-super-mario-bros-z-patreon/ http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-05/5/investigation-are-fan-games-legal http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/117234/Analysis_Clone_Games__Fan_Games__Legal_Issues.php http://www.destructoid.com/nintendo-catches-shuts-down-fan-made-pokemon-mmo-169761.phtml http://kotaku.com/5420240/how-to-make-a-fan-game-and-not-get-your-ass-sued http://www.slashgear.com/pokemon-nxt-3d-3rd-person-fan-made-pseudo-mmo-07324098/ http://www.ranker.com/list/the-13-greatest-pop-culture-video-game-parodies/ariel-kana

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Pornography

As a subgenre within the pornography industry, pornographic parodies imitate popular movies, television shows, video games, public figures, events and literature works. Its surgence dating back from the 1990s and its origins dating far back from 1973 with Snow White and the Seven Perverts that parodies Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, pornographic parody films are gaining resurgence in popularity in the 2010s. In regards to production, the budget varies. Historically, Pirates II: Stagnetti’s Revenge had a budget of $8 million, the most expensive pornographic film based on a film and Caligula, with a budget of $17.5 million, the most expensive pornographic film based on the life of Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0782084/ http://thechive.com/2015/10/11/the-highest-budgeted-adult-films-of-all-time-10-photos/ http://www.details.com/gallery/the-most-brilliant-porn-parodies-of-all-time#/slide=4 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/caligula.shtml http://metro.co.uk/2015/12/17/star-wars-xxx-porn-parody-sees-massive-500-growth-in-audience-5570594/

Ethical Implications

General ethical implications of porn. ETHICS: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/20/hillary-clinton-porn-parody_n_7337134.html http://www.dailydot.com/culture/fifty-shades-porn-parody-lawsuit-benefits/ http://www.houstonpress.com/arts/5-hilarious-lawsuits-involving-porn-parodies-nsfw-6392410 http://www.macleans.ca/society/technology/how-porn-parodies-avoid-copyright-restrictions/ https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121130/03010221181/universal-studios-sues-over-porn-parody-50-shades-grey-ignoring-50-shades-own-history-as-fan-fiction.shtml http://www.foxnews.com/story/2001/11/01/lucas-sues-over-porno-called-star-ballz.html https://books.google.com/books?id=qoG5WxYaT-IC&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=pornography+parodies&source=bl&ots=bStBS0hOkf&sig=_dRQJATe98uBtg786OGacpdFhug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiL8oq1ooDLAhWCHJoKHZ0uDWg4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=pornography%20parodies&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=6JV0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA126&lpg=PA126&dq=pornography+parodies&source=bl&ots=skhD1noI2c&sig=geq89QFN6RpdFZ-QTWlidD7TFdY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV_7OrooDLAhXoIJoKHfULDRQQ6AEITzAI#v=onepage&q=pornography%20parodies&f=false https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2012/06/19/when-porn-meets-parody/

See Also

• Creative_Commons
• Ethics_in_Computer_&_Video_Games
• Pornography