Difference between revisions of "In-app purchases"
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Cost analysis of lack of transparency when purchasing an app that has in app-purchases.<ref>'Jeffrey D. Shulman, Xianjun Geng (2019) Does It Pay to Shroud In-App Purchase Prices?. Information Systems Research 30(3):856-871. | Cost analysis of lack of transparency when purchasing an app that has in app-purchases.<ref>'Jeffrey D. Shulman, Xianjun Geng (2019) Does It Pay to Shroud In-App Purchase Prices?. Information Systems Research 30(3):856-871. | ||
https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0835</ref> | https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0835</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Outline: <br/> | ||
+ | App-Store Demonopolization | ||
+ | *Freemium games | ||
+ | **Mcommerce | ||
+ | **Addiction/gambling tactics | ||
+ | ***Loot boxes | ||
+ | ***Incentivising investment | ||
+ | ***Increasing gameplay | ||
+ | *Rise in market value | ||
+ | **Largest monopolies in online games | ||
+ | **App-store policy and commission | ||
+ | ***Ethics concerns in unequal data sharing, commission, search results, competition-creating apps by tech giants to wipe out third party competition | ||
+ | *Tech Giants and Antitrust Laws | ||
+ | **Notable laws (by country) | ||
+ | ***Concerns over not allowing users to choose the data they share and not letting them know that their data is shared (India) | ||
+ | ***One payment method option at the cost of third party developers (South Korea, Russia). | ||
+ | *Open App Markets Bill | ||
+ | **What it is and why it’s happening | ||
+ | ***Pro-bill argument | ||
+ | ***Anti-bill argument | ||
+ | *References | ||
+ | |||
+ | Articles used and notable quotes: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;Questioning ethics behind lack of transparency in notifying the user of in-app purchases. | ||
+ | :Jeffrey D. Shulman, Xianjun Geng (2019) Does It Pay to Shroud In-App Purchase Prices?. Information Systems Research 30(3):856-871. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0835 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;Steve Jobs originally opposed in-app purchases | ||
+ | ;Apple takes 30% commission | ||
+ | :"Addicted: Fifteen Years Ago this Week, Apple's Steve Jobs Unveiled a Handheld Device that would Change our Lives for Ever. but for all its Benefits, the iPhone has been Dubbed as Addictive as Cigarettes - and Kicking the Habit Now Seems Impossible. Io Dodds Reports." Telegraph Magazine, Jan 08, 2022, 16, https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/magazines/addicted/docview/2617618740/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;M-commerce | ||
+ | ;$700+ Billion by 2025 | ||
+ | :"Mobile Commerce Sales Expected to Double to $700+ Billion by 2025." PR Newswire, Jan 13, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/mobile-commerce-sales-expected-double-700-billion/docview/2619219777/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;Loot boxes are considered addictive and regulated in countries such as China, Belgium, Japan, and Australia. | ||
+ | :"Gaming Market to Grow by USD 125.65 Billion from 2020 to 2025|56% Growth to Originate from APAC|17000+ Technavio Reports." PR Newswire, Jan 13, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/gaming-market-grow-usd-125-65-billion-2020-2025/docview/2619298001/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;App Store bill passed on Feb. 4th, 2022 | ||
+ | ;Created to avoid monopolization caused by increased fees by Apple (up to 30%) and, in turn, to encourage innovation by independent app developers | ||
+ | :"App-Store Bill Passed by Senate Committee -- WSJ." Dow Jones Institutional News, Feb 04, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/app-store-bill-passed-senate-committee-wsj/docview/2625422980/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;India investigates Apple abuse of its dominant position over third-party developers | ||
+ | ;Apple creates apps in competition with third party developers | ||
+ | ;Apple charges up to 30%, making third party developers spend more on appeasing a tech giant than their own innovation | ||
+ | :"CCI Orders Probe Against Apple [Front Page]: APP STORE POLICYAnti-Trust Regulator to Investigate 'Abuse' of Dominant Position by Co; DG Asked to Submit Report in 60 Days." The Economic Times (Online), Jan 01, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/cci-orders-probe-against-apple-front-page/docview/2615527176/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;US Senate’s bill “if enacted would usher in the most significant restrictions that Congress has ever placed on the tech giants' practices.” | ||
+ | ;Tech giants and politicians alike claim that it is rushed | ||
+ | Changes have already been implemented, trying to dodge misinformation | ||
+ | ;Criticized for focusing on a handful of large American tech companies | ||
+ | ;Apple is facing antitrust lawsuits in the US and other countries over competition and restrictive business practices. Violates antitrust laws in India. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;30% markup for commission | ||
+ | :Lima, Cristiano and Aaron Schaffer. "Senate’s Tech Antitrust Push Notches a Win, but Major Hurdles Loom." WP Company LLC d/b/a The Washington Post. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;15%-30% markup for commission | ||
+ | ;A Russian tech company joins an antitrust lawsuit over developers not being able to let users know that there are in-app purchases outside of the app store. | ||
+ | Apple violates Russia’s anti monopoly laws. | ||
+ | “We decided to participate in the process because the decision on this case can have a big impact on both users and developers. We believe that users should be able to learn about different payment methods and make in-app purchases in any way that is convenient for them. If developers can inform [the public] about various payment methods directly inside applications, this will improve the user experience and open up new opportunities for the development of the mobile application market” | ||
+ | :Russia: Yandex Joins Russian Federal Anti-Trust Case Against Apple." Asia News Monitor, Jan 13, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/russia-yandex-joins-russian-federal-anti-trust/docview/2618919513/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;Microsoft recently purchased a gaming company called Activision Blizzard. This puts them in the ring for mobile gaming. | ||
+ | :Mahendra, Vainavi. "How Microsoft-Activision Acquisition Will Impact the Indian Gaming Ecosystem." Financial Express, Jan 21, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/how-microsoft-activision-acquisition-will-impact/docview/2621613715/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;App store bill limits Apple and Google Play’s ability to charge app developers fees and create rules just for using the consumer-app stores. | ||
+ | ;Apple forces developers to use their in-app payment systems, instead of letting developers use their own. | ||
+ | ;Apple promotes their own apps first in search results. | ||
+ | ;Apple is whining about hackers and fraud, blah blah blah | ||
+ | ;Bill does not create anarchy, just regulation. | ||
+ | ;South Korea requires app stores to allow other options for payment systems. | ||
+ | :Ryan, Tracy. "App-Store Bill Targeting Apple, Google is Approved by Senate Panel; Tech Giants Object to Measure that would Set New Rules Aimed at Ensuring More Competition on their Consumer-App Platforms." Wall Street Journal (Online), Feb 03, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/app-store-bill-targeting-apple-google-is-approved/docview/2625007461/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;“The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is investigating the tech giant for alleged unfair business practices with respect to Google Pay as well as Google Play's payment system.” | ||
+ | :Choudhary, Shrimi. "CI to Seek Details on Google's Payment Policy from App Makers [Tech & Internet]." The Economic Times, Jan 11, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/ci-seek-details-on-googles-payment-policy-app/docview/2618285182/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;“(CCI) ordered an investigation into Apple’s business practices for suspected violation of several provisions of Section 26(1) of the Competition Act, 2002.” | ||
+ | :"CCI Orders Probe into Apple’s App Store Business Model." Businessline, Jan 01, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/cci-orders-probe-into-apple-s-app-store-business/docview/2615540771/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;Information Technology and Innovation Foundation wrote open letter to senators regarding US bill, Open App Markets Act, stating concerns over bill making things worse. | ||
+ | ;Reasons cited: damage to app economy, decrease quality, decrease choice, increase consumer costs. | ||
+ | :"App Markets Bill would have the Opposite of its Intended Effect, Says Information Technology & Innovation Foundation in Open Letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee." Targeted News Service, Jan 25, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/app-markets-bill-would-have-opposite-intended/docview/2622499352/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;(CCI) on Friday ordered an investigation into Apple’s business practices for suspected violation of several provisions of Section 26(1) of the Competition Act, 2002. | ||
+ | :"CCI Orders Probe into Apple’s App Store Business Model." Businessline, Jan 01, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/cci-orders-probe-into-apple-s-app-store-business/docview/2615540771/se-2?accountid=14667. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;Antitrust laws: dominance, abuse and competition. | ||
+ | ;Imbalance in information and research. | ||
+ | ;Pages 39-64 | ||
+ | :Veljanovski C. (2022) Algorithmic Antitrust: A Critical Overview. In: Portuese A. (eds) Algorithmic Antitrust. Economic Analysis of Law in European Legal Scholarship, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1007/978-3-030-85859-9_2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;Monetizing gaming has created M&A boom | ||
+ | :https://global-factiva-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ha/default.aspx#./!?&_suid=164463988357405263127981560196 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;Retention rate, player interests, etc. are used to determine whether or not gamers are going to be continued investors in app-store gaming and in doing things like making in-app purchases. | ||
+ | :Flunger R., Mladenow A., Strauss C. (2022) Game Analytics—Business Impact, Methods and Tools. In: Kryvinska N., Poniszewska-Marańda A. (eds) Developments in Information & Knowledge Management for Business Applications. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 377. Springer, Cham. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1007/978-3-030-77916-0_19 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;Explanation of Antitrust laws | ||
+ | :https://global-factiva-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ga/default.aspx | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;American monopolies | ||
+ | :https://global-factiva-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ga/default.aspx | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;Are mobile games worth it? | ||
+ | ;What is the alternative to in-app purchases (ads)? | ||
+ | :Valaei, N., Bressolles, G., Khan, H. and Low, Y.M. (2022), "Ads in gaming apps: experiential value of gamers", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 122 No. 1, pp. 78-106. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1108/IMDS-11-2020-0660 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;Freemium games + how in-app purchases work | ||
+ | |||
+ | :Syahrivar, J., Chairy, C., Juwono, I.D. and Gyulavári, T. (2022), "Pay to play in freemium mobile games: a compensatory mechanism", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 50 No. 1, pp. 117-134. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2020-0358 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ;Freemium games are fastest growing | ||
+ | ;Statistics on monetization rates | ||
+ | |||
+ | :Lifei Sheng, Christopher Thomas Ryan, Mahesh Nagarajan, Yuan Cheng, Chunyang Tong (2020) Incentivized Actions in Freemium Games. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24(1):275-284. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1287/msom.2020.0925 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 15:36, 12 April 2022
Cost analysis of lack of transparency when purchasing an app that has in app-purchases.[1]
Outline:
App-Store Demonopolization
- Freemium games
- Mcommerce
- Addiction/gambling tactics
- Loot boxes
- Incentivising investment
- Increasing gameplay
- Rise in market value
- Largest monopolies in online games
- App-store policy and commission
- Ethics concerns in unequal data sharing, commission, search results, competition-creating apps by tech giants to wipe out third party competition
- Tech Giants and Antitrust Laws
- Notable laws (by country)
- Concerns over not allowing users to choose the data they share and not letting them know that their data is shared (India)
- One payment method option at the cost of third party developers (South Korea, Russia).
- Notable laws (by country)
- Open App Markets Bill
- What it is and why it’s happening
- Pro-bill argument
- Anti-bill argument
- What it is and why it’s happening
- References
Articles used and notable quotes:
- Questioning ethics behind lack of transparency in notifying the user of in-app purchases.
- Jeffrey D. Shulman, Xianjun Geng (2019) Does It Pay to Shroud In-App Purchase Prices?. Information Systems Research 30(3):856-871. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0835
- Steve Jobs originally opposed in-app purchases
- Apple takes 30% commission
- "Addicted: Fifteen Years Ago this Week, Apple's Steve Jobs Unveiled a Handheld Device that would Change our Lives for Ever. but for all its Benefits, the iPhone has been Dubbed as Addictive as Cigarettes - and Kicking the Habit Now Seems Impossible. Io Dodds Reports." Telegraph Magazine, Jan 08, 2022, 16, https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/magazines/addicted/docview/2617618740/se-2?accountid=14667.
- M-commerce
- $700+ Billion by 2025
- "Mobile Commerce Sales Expected to Double to $700+ Billion by 2025." PR Newswire, Jan 13, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/mobile-commerce-sales-expected-double-700-billion/docview/2619219777/se-2?accountid=14667.
- Loot boxes are considered addictive and regulated in countries such as China, Belgium, Japan, and Australia.
- "Gaming Market to Grow by USD 125.65 Billion from 2020 to 2025|56% Growth to Originate from APAC|17000+ Technavio Reports." PR Newswire, Jan 13, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/gaming-market-grow-usd-125-65-billion-2020-2025/docview/2619298001/se-2?accountid=14667.
- App Store bill passed on Feb. 4th, 2022
- Created to avoid monopolization caused by increased fees by Apple (up to 30%) and, in turn, to encourage innovation by independent app developers
- "App-Store Bill Passed by Senate Committee -- WSJ." Dow Jones Institutional News, Feb 04, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/app-store-bill-passed-senate-committee-wsj/docview/2625422980/se-2?accountid=14667.
- India investigates Apple abuse of its dominant position over third-party developers
- Apple creates apps in competition with third party developers
- Apple charges up to 30%, making third party developers spend more on appeasing a tech giant than their own innovation
- "CCI Orders Probe Against Apple [Front Page]: APP STORE POLICYAnti-Trust Regulator to Investigate 'Abuse' of Dominant Position by Co; DG Asked to Submit Report in 60 Days." The Economic Times (Online), Jan 01, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/cci-orders-probe-against-apple-front-page/docview/2615527176/se-2?accountid=14667.
- US Senate’s bill “if enacted would usher in the most significant restrictions that Congress has ever placed on the tech giants' practices.”
- Tech giants and politicians alike claim that it is rushed
Changes have already been implemented, trying to dodge misinformation
- Criticized for focusing on a handful of large American tech companies
- Apple is facing antitrust lawsuits in the US and other countries over competition and restrictive business practices. Violates antitrust laws in India.
- 30% markup for commission
- Lima, Cristiano and Aaron Schaffer. "Senate’s Tech Antitrust Push Notches a Win, but Major Hurdles Loom." WP Company LLC d/b/a The Washington Post.
- 15%-30% markup for commission
- A Russian tech company joins an antitrust lawsuit over developers not being able to let users know that there are in-app purchases outside of the app store.
Apple violates Russia’s anti monopoly laws. “We decided to participate in the process because the decision on this case can have a big impact on both users and developers. We believe that users should be able to learn about different payment methods and make in-app purchases in any way that is convenient for them. If developers can inform [the public] about various payment methods directly inside applications, this will improve the user experience and open up new opportunities for the development of the mobile application market”
- Russia: Yandex Joins Russian Federal Anti-Trust Case Against Apple." Asia News Monitor, Jan 13, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/russia-yandex-joins-russian-federal-anti-trust/docview/2618919513/se-2?accountid=14667.
- Microsoft recently purchased a gaming company called Activision Blizzard. This puts them in the ring for mobile gaming.
- Mahendra, Vainavi. "How Microsoft-Activision Acquisition Will Impact the Indian Gaming Ecosystem." Financial Express, Jan 21, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/how-microsoft-activision-acquisition-will-impact/docview/2621613715/se-2?accountid=14667.
- App store bill limits Apple and Google Play’s ability to charge app developers fees and create rules just for using the consumer-app stores.
- Apple forces developers to use their in-app payment systems, instead of letting developers use their own.
- Apple promotes their own apps first in search results.
- Apple is whining about hackers and fraud, blah blah blah
- Bill does not create anarchy, just regulation.
- South Korea requires app stores to allow other options for payment systems.
- Ryan, Tracy. "App-Store Bill Targeting Apple, Google is Approved by Senate Panel; Tech Giants Object to Measure that would Set New Rules Aimed at Ensuring More Competition on their Consumer-App Platforms." Wall Street Journal (Online), Feb 03, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/app-store-bill-targeting-apple-google-is-approved/docview/2625007461/se-2?accountid=14667.
- “The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is investigating the tech giant for alleged unfair business practices with respect to Google Pay as well as Google Play's payment system.”
- Choudhary, Shrimi. "CI to Seek Details on Google's Payment Policy from App Makers [Tech & Internet]." The Economic Times, Jan 11, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/ci-seek-details-on-googles-payment-policy-app/docview/2618285182/se-2?accountid=14667.
- “(CCI) ordered an investigation into Apple’s business practices for suspected violation of several provisions of Section 26(1) of the Competition Act, 2002.”
- "CCI Orders Probe into Apple’s App Store Business Model." Businessline, Jan 01, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/cci-orders-probe-into-apple-s-app-store-business/docview/2615540771/se-2?accountid=14667.
- Information Technology and Innovation Foundation wrote open letter to senators regarding US bill, Open App Markets Act, stating concerns over bill making things worse.
- Reasons cited
- damage to app economy, decrease quality, decrease choice, increase consumer costs.
- "App Markets Bill would have the Opposite of its Intended Effect, Says Information Technology & Innovation Foundation in Open Letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee." Targeted News Service, Jan 25, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/wire-feeds/app-markets-bill-would-have-opposite-intended/docview/2622499352/se-2?accountid=14667.
- (CCI) on Friday ordered an investigation into Apple’s business practices for suspected violation of several provisions of Section 26(1) of the Competition Act, 2002.
:"CCI Orders Probe into Apple’s App Store Business Model." Businessline, Jan 01, 2022. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/newspapers/cci-orders-probe-into-apple-s-app-store-business/docview/2615540771/se-2?accountid=14667.
- Antitrust laws
- dominance, abuse and competition.
- Imbalance in information and research.
- Pages 39-64
- Veljanovski C. (2022) Algorithmic Antitrust: A Critical Overview. In: Portuese A. (eds) Algorithmic Antitrust. Economic Analysis of Law in European Legal Scholarship, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1007/978-3-030-85859-9_2
- Monetizing gaming has created M&A boom
- https://global-factiva-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ha/default.aspx#./!?&_suid=164463988357405263127981560196
- Retention rate, player interests, etc. are used to determine whether or not gamers are going to be continued investors in app-store gaming and in doing things like making in-app purchases.
- Flunger R., Mladenow A., Strauss C. (2022) Game Analytics—Business Impact, Methods and Tools. In: Kryvinska N., Poniszewska-Marańda A. (eds) Developments in Information & Knowledge Management for Business Applications. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 377. Springer, Cham. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1007/978-3-030-77916-0_19
- Explanation of Antitrust laws
- https://global-factiva-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ga/default.aspx
- American monopolies
- https://global-factiva-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ga/default.aspx
- Are mobile games worth it?
- What is the alternative to in-app purchases (ads)?
- Valaei, N., Bressolles, G., Khan, H. and Low, Y.M. (2022), "Ads in gaming apps: experiential value of gamers", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 122 No. 1, pp. 78-106. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1108/IMDS-11-2020-0660
- Freemium games + how in-app purchases work
- Syahrivar, J., Chairy, C., Juwono, I.D. and Gyulavári, T. (2022), "Pay to play in freemium mobile games: a compensatory mechanism", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 50 No. 1, pp. 117-134. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2020-0358
- Freemium games are fastest growing
- Statistics on monetization rates
- Lifei Sheng, Christopher Thomas Ryan, Mahesh Nagarajan, Yuan Cheng, Chunyang Tong (2020) Incentivized Actions in Freemium Games. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24(1):275-284. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1287/msom.2020.0925
References
- ↑ 'Jeffrey D. Shulman, Xianjun Geng (2019) Does It Pay to Shroud In-App Purchase Prices?. Information Systems Research 30(3):856-871. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0835