Difference between revisions of "Clickbait"
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| − | Clickbait refers to a certain kind of web content advertisement that is designed to entice its readers into clicking an accompanying link, they are usually found in journalism and social media sites in the form of short teaser messages <ref name="pot">Potthast, Martin; Köpsel, Sebatian; Stein, Benno; Hagen, Matthias (2016). ClickBait Detection Bauhaus-Universität Weimer</ref> that are designed to attract the attention of people. They encourage people to click on them without giving much information about what the reader is going to find next and are often filled with stories that are fake, opinion-based, with little-to-no research done to back up the author’s points.<ref name="TWP">The Washington Post website: "What is ‘click bait’ and why Facebook wants to display less of it" https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/technology/wp/2014/08/26/what-is-click-bait-and-why-facebook-wants-to-display-less-of-it/?utm_term=.eccfff2e28b8</ref><ref >Tech Crunch: "*** is a clickbait "https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/25/wtf-is-clickbait/"</ref><ref name="mi">Click Bait Websites and the Age of Misinformation "https://jordandetmers.com/2014/09/11/click-bait-websites-and-the-age-of-misinformation/"</ref> Online news media outlets rely heavily on page views to generate ad revenue and use clickbaits to increase the amount of people that visit their page. <ref name="ch"> Chakraborty, Abhijnan; Paranjape, Bhargavi; Kakarla, Sourya; Ganguly, Niloy (2016). Stop Clickbait: Detecting and Preventing Clickbaits in Online News Media Cornell University Library</ref><ref >The dirty secrets of clickbait. This post will blow your mind! "https://econsultancy.com/blog/64399-the-dirty-secrets-of-clickbait-this-post-will-blow-your-mind/"</ref> The presence of clickbaits online create many ethical concern as they threaten to clog up social media channels | + | Clickbait refers to a certain kind of web content advertisement that is designed to entice its readers into clicking an accompanying link, they are usually found in journalism and social media sites in the form of short teaser messages <ref name="pot">Potthast, Martin; Köpsel, Sebatian; Stein, Benno; Hagen, Matthias (2016). ClickBait Detection Bauhaus-Universität Weimer</ref> that are designed to attract the attention of people. They encourage people to click on them without giving much information about what the reader is going to find next and are often filled with stories that are fake, opinion-based, with little-to-no research done to back up the author’s points.<ref name="TWP">The Washington Post website: "What is ‘click bait’ and why Facebook wants to display less of it" https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/technology/wp/2014/08/26/what-is-click-bait-and-why-facebook-wants-to-display-less-of-it/?utm_term=.eccfff2e28b8</ref><ref >Tech Crunch: "*** is a clickbait "https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/25/wtf-is-clickbait/"</ref><ref name="mi">Click Bait Websites and the Age of Misinformation "https://jordandetmers.com/2014/09/11/click-bait-websites-and-the-age-of-misinformation/"</ref> Online news media outlets rely heavily on page views to generate ad revenue and use clickbaits to increase the amount of people that visit their page. <ref name="ch"> Chakraborty, Abhijnan; Paranjape, Bhargavi; Kakarla, Sourya; Ganguly, Niloy (2016). Stop Clickbait: Detecting and Preventing Clickbaits in Online News Media Cornell University Library</ref><ref >The dirty secrets of clickbait. This post will blow your mind! "https://econsultancy.com/blog/64399-the-dirty-secrets-of-clickbait-this-post-will-blow-your-mind/"</ref> The presence of clickbaits online create many ethical concern as they threaten to clog up social media channels and causing negative experiences and creating misinformed users.<ref name="mi">Click Bait Websites and the Age of Misinformation "https://jordandetmers.com/2014/09/11/click-bait-websites-and-the-age-of-misinformation/"</ref> |
[[File:Clickbait6.jpg|thumb| Examples of Clickbait headlines]] | [[File:Clickbait6.jpg|thumb| Examples of Clickbait headlines]] | ||
==Backlash== | ==Backlash== | ||
| − | The presence of clickbaits have been present since the emergence of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_journalism tabloid journalism] <ref name="ch">Chakraborty, Abhijnan; Paranjape, Bhargavi; Kakarla, Sourya; Ganguly, Niloy (2016). Stop Clickbait: Detecting and Preventing Clickbaits in Online News Media Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India</ref> and have put pressure on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_media legacy media] because of the competition for readers and revenue.<ref name="PBS">PBS website: "Column: Why click-bait will be the death of journalism" http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/what-you-dont-know-about-click-bait-journalism-could-kill-you</ref> There has been many research conducted to understanding the psychological appeal of clickbaits, however methods for detecting them has just recently gained popularity. | + | The presence of clickbaits have been present since the emergence of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_journalism tabloid journalism] <ref name="ch">Chakraborty, Abhijnan; Paranjape, Bhargavi; Kakarla, Sourya; Ganguly, Niloy (2016). Stop Clickbait: Detecting and Preventing Clickbaits in Online News Media Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India</ref> and have put pressure on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_media legacy media] because of the competition for readers and revenue.<ref name="PBS">PBS website: "Column: Why click-bait will be the death of journalism" http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/what-you-dont-know-about-click-bait-journalism-could-kill-you</ref> There has been many research conducted to understanding the psychological appeal of clickbaits, however methods for detecting them has just recently gained popularity. Social media websites have recognized the issues surrounding clickbaits and have made several attempts to be able to recognize them quickly and prevent them from going [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_marketing viral]. Facebook has recognized the problem and has made efforts to improve their newsfeed to "help people find the posts and links from publishers that are most interesting and relevant, and to continue to weed out stories that people frequently tell us are spammy and that they don’t want to see".<ref name="TWP">The Washington Post website: "What is ‘click bait’ and why Facebook wants to display less of it" https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/technology/wp/2014/08/26/what-is-click-bait-and-why-facebook-wants-to-display-less-of-it/?utm_term=.eccfff2e28b8</ref> Facebook has attempted to remove clickbaits by measuring their click-to-share ratio<ref name="ch">Chakraborty, Abhijnan; Paranjape, Bhargavi; Kakarla, Sourya; Ganguly, Niloy (2016). Stop Clickbait: Detecting and Preventing Clickbaits in Online News Media Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India</ref>, identifying phrases that are commonly used in clickbait headlines,<ref name="Facebook">Facebook newsroom website: "News Feed FYI: Further Reducing Clickbait in Feed"http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/08/news-feed-fyi-further-reducing-clickbait-in-feed/</ref> <ref >engadget: "Facebook is ramping up its fight against clickbait"https://www.engadget.com/2016/08/04/facebook-is-ramping-up-its-fight-against-clickbait/</ref> and identifying clickbaits by measuring the amount of time that the user spend on the website after clicking the link <ref name="TWP">The Washington Post website: "What is ‘click bait’ and why Facebook wants to display less of it" https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/technology/wp/2014/08/26/what-is-click-bait-and-why-facebook-wants-to-display-less-of-it/?utm_term=.eccfff2e28b8</ref>. Other scholars have also developed clickbait detection models and extensions to further help decrease how often they appear with 93% accurate detection<ref name="pot">Potthast, Martin; Köpsel, Sebatian; Stein, Benno; Hagen, Matthias (2016). ClickBait Detection Bauhaus-Universität Weimer</ref><ref name="ch">Abhijnan Chakraborty, Bhargavi Paranjape, Sourya Kakarla, Niloy Ganguly (2016). Stop Clickbait: Detecting and preventing clickbaits in online news media IEEE Xplore Digital Library</ref> as well as developed tips for analyzing news sources to distinguish real from fake news. <ref>"False, Misleading, Clickbait-y, and Satirical “News” Sources" https://d279m997dpfwgl.cloudfront.net/wp/2016/11/Resource-False-Misleading-Clickbait-y-and-Satirical-%E2%80%9CNews%E2%80%9D-Sources-1.pdf</ref> |
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
===Exaggeration=== | ===Exaggeration=== | ||
| − | Title exaggerating the content on the landing page.<ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref | + | Title exaggerating the content on the landing page. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: Cringeworthy tattoos that will destroy your faith in humanity</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref> | |
===Teasing=== | ===Teasing=== | ||
| − | Omission of details from title to build suspense: teasing.<ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref><ref>"Every Major Website Clickbaits, But Not as Much as You’d Assume" http://www.mediaite.com/online/every-major-website-clickbaits-but-not-as-much-as-youd-assume/</ref | + | Omission of details from title to build suspense: teasing. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: “Here’s Why Hillary Clinton Is ‘Deeply Worried’ About The UN’s Damning Climate Report”</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref><ref>"Every Major Website Clickbaits, But Not as Much as You’d Assume" http://www.mediaite.com/online/every-major-website-clickbaits-but-not-as-much-as-youd-assume/</ref> | |
===Inflammatory=== | ===Inflammatory=== | ||
| − | Either phrasing or use of inappropriate/vulgar words.<ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref | + | Either phrasing or use of inappropriate/vulgar words. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: Putin Punched at G20 Summit.</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref> | |
===Formatting=== | ===Formatting=== | ||
| − | Overuse of capitalization/punctuation, particularly ALL CAPS or exclamation points.<ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref | + | Overuse of capitalization/punctuation, particularly ALL CAPS or exclamation points. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: EXCLUSIVE: Top-Secret Method allowed a mother to break the world record: 12kg in 4 weeks!</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref> | |
===Graphic=== | ===Graphic=== | ||
| − | Subject matter that is salacious or disturbing or unbelievable<ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref | + | Subject matter that is salacious or disturbing or unbelievable. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: Donatella Versace plastic surgery overload: Waxy face re-sembles melting candle.</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref> | |
===Bait-and-switch=== | ===Bait-and-switch=== | ||
| − | The thing promised/implied from the title is not on the landing page: it requires additional clicks or just missing. <ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref | + | The thing promised/implied from the title is not on the landing page: it requires additional clicks or just missing. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: Beers Americans No Longer Drink.</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref> | |
===Ambiguous=== | ===Ambiguous=== | ||
| − | Title unclear or confusing to spur curiosity.<ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref | + | Title unclear or confusing to spur curiosity. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: Hands on: Samsung’s iPhone 5 is absolutely beautiful.</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref> | |
===Wrong=== | ===Wrong=== | ||
| − | Just plain incorrect article: factually wrong.<ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref | + | Just plain incorrect article: factually wrong. |
| − | + | <pre>Example: Scientist Confesses: “Global Warming a $22 Billion Scam/center"</pre><ref name="Clicks">Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs</ref> | |
==Ethical concerns== | ==Ethical concerns== | ||
Revision as of 00:19, 20 February 2017
Clickbait refers to a certain kind of web content advertisement that is designed to entice its readers into clicking an accompanying link, they are usually found in journalism and social media sites in the form of short teaser messages [1] that are designed to attract the attention of people. They encourage people to click on them without giving much information about what the reader is going to find next and are often filled with stories that are fake, opinion-based, with little-to-no research done to back up the author’s points.[2][3][4] Online news media outlets rely heavily on page views to generate ad revenue and use clickbaits to increase the amount of people that visit their page. [5][6] The presence of clickbaits online create many ethical concern as they threaten to clog up social media channels and causing negative experiences and creating misinformed users.[4]
Contents
Backlash
The presence of clickbaits have been present since the emergence of tabloid journalism [5] and have put pressure on legacy media because of the competition for readers and revenue.[7] There has been many research conducted to understanding the psychological appeal of clickbaits, however methods for detecting them has just recently gained popularity. Social media websites have recognized the issues surrounding clickbaits and have made several attempts to be able to recognize them quickly and prevent them from going viral. Facebook has recognized the problem and has made efforts to improve their newsfeed to "help people find the posts and links from publishers that are most interesting and relevant, and to continue to weed out stories that people frequently tell us are spammy and that they don’t want to see".[2] Facebook has attempted to remove clickbaits by measuring their click-to-share ratio[5], identifying phrases that are commonly used in clickbait headlines,[8] [9] and identifying clickbaits by measuring the amount of time that the user spend on the website after clicking the link [2]. Other scholars have also developed clickbait detection models and extensions to further help decrease how often they appear with 93% accurate detection[1][5] as well as developed tips for analyzing news sources to distinguish real from fake news. [10]
Types
Exaggeration
Title exaggerating the content on the landing page.
Example: Cringeworthy tattoos that will destroy your faith in humanity[11]
Teasing
Omission of details from title to build suspense: teasing.
Example: “Here’s Why Hillary Clinton Is ‘Deeply Worried’ About The UN’s Damning Climate Report”[11][12]
Inflammatory
Either phrasing or use of inappropriate/vulgar words.
Example: Putin Punched at G20 Summit.[11]
Formatting
Overuse of capitalization/punctuation, particularly ALL CAPS or exclamation points.
Example: EXCLUSIVE: Top-Secret Method allowed a mother to break the world record: 12kg in 4 weeks![11]
Graphic
Subject matter that is salacious or disturbing or unbelievable.
Example: Donatella Versace plastic surgery overload: Waxy face re-sembles melting candle.[11]
Bait-and-switch
The thing promised/implied from the title is not on the landing page: it requires additional clicks or just missing.
Example: Beers Americans No Longer Drink.[11]
Ambiguous
Title unclear or confusing to spur curiosity.
Example: Hands on: Samsung’s iPhone 5 is absolutely beautiful.[11]
Wrong
Just plain incorrect article: factually wrong.
Example: Scientist Confesses: “Global Warming a $22 Billion Scam/center"[11]
Ethical concerns
Clickbait headlines typically aim to "exploit a “curiosity gap” by providing just enough information to make a reader curious, but not enough to satisfy that curiosity".[13][14]. The headlines are aimed at altering your emotions and when people fall for clickbaits they often creating negative experiences. The presence of clickbaits in social media are also creating an increase in fake news and creating a circle of misinformed users.
Negative experiences
The readers expectations are higher than what the article actually contains which leads to negative experiences.[11][15]. Clickbaits rely on emotions to attract viewers and often create headlines that cause anger, anxiety, humor, excitement, inspiration, or surprise.[16] Upon visiting the article, many people are disappointed because it is often poorly written and the content found inside does not correspond to the title. Clickbaits can also cause frustration because social media users are now seeing them more on their timelines.
Fake news and misinformed users
misinformed population / filter bubbles
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Potthast, Martin; Köpsel, Sebatian; Stein, Benno; Hagen, Matthias (2016). ClickBait Detection Bauhaus-Universität Weimer
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The Washington Post website: "What is ‘click bait’ and why Facebook wants to display less of it" https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/technology/wp/2014/08/26/what-is-click-bait-and-why-facebook-wants-to-display-less-of-it/?utm_term=.eccfff2e28b8
- ↑ Tech Crunch: "*** is a clickbait "https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/25/wtf-is-clickbait/"
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Click Bait Websites and the Age of Misinformation "https://jordandetmers.com/2014/09/11/click-bait-websites-and-the-age-of-misinformation/"
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Chakraborty, Abhijnan; Paranjape, Bhargavi; Kakarla, Sourya; Ganguly, Niloy (2016). Stop Clickbait: Detecting and Preventing Clickbaits in Online News Media Cornell University Library
- ↑ The dirty secrets of clickbait. This post will blow your mind! "https://econsultancy.com/blog/64399-the-dirty-secrets-of-clickbait-this-post-will-blow-your-mind/"
- ↑ PBS website: "Column: Why click-bait will be the death of journalism" http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/what-you-dont-know-about-click-bait-journalism-could-kill-you
- ↑ Facebook newsroom website: "News Feed FYI: Further Reducing Clickbait in Feed"http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/08/news-feed-fyi-further-reducing-clickbait-in-feed/
- ↑ engadget: "Facebook is ramping up its fight against clickbait"https://www.engadget.com/2016/08/04/facebook-is-ramping-up-its-fight-against-clickbait/
- ↑ "False, Misleading, Clickbait-y, and Satirical “News” Sources" https://d279m997dpfwgl.cloudfront.net/wp/2016/11/Resource-False-Misleading-Clickbait-y-and-Satirical-%E2%80%9CNews%E2%80%9D-Sources-1.pdf
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 Prakhar Biyani; Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis; John Blackmer (2016). “8 Amazing Secrets for Getting More Clicks”: Detecting Clickbaits in News Streams Using Article Informality Yahoo Labs
- ↑ "Every Major Website Clickbaits, But Not as Much as You’d Assume" http://www.mediaite.com/online/every-major-website-clickbaits-but-not-as-much-as-youd-assume/
- ↑ Curiosity Has the Power to Change Behavior for the Bette "http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2016/08/curiosity-behavior.aspx"
- ↑ Wikipedia: Clickbaits https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickbait
- ↑ The Ethics of Clickbait "http://wegobusiness.com/the-ethics-of-clickbait/"
- ↑ You’ll Be Outraged at How Easy It Was to Get You to Click on This Headline "https://www.wired.com/2015/12/psychology-of-clickbait/"
