Difference between revisions of "Creative Commons"
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Creative Commons was founded in 2001 in part using support by the Center of the Public Domain. It's organizational structure is a board of directors which consists of leaders who are education experts, technologists, legal scholars, investors, entrepreneurs and philanthropists. Currently, Creative Commons offices reside in San Francisco, California and current board consists of Hal Abelson, Glenn Otis Brown, Michel Carroll, Catherine Casserly (CEO), Caterina Fake, Brian Fitzgerald, David Guggenheim, Joi Ito (Chair), Lawrence Lessig, Laurie Racine, Eric Saltzman, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Annetter Thomas, Jimmy Wales, Esther Wojciki (Vice Chair). Creative Commons used to be lead by Lawrence Lesigg, however he stepped down in 2008 passing on the post to Joi Ito. However, currently Catherine Casserly in now CEO | Creative Commons was founded in 2001 in part using support by the Center of the Public Domain. It's organizational structure is a board of directors which consists of leaders who are education experts, technologists, legal scholars, investors, entrepreneurs and philanthropists. Currently, Creative Commons offices reside in San Francisco, California and current board consists of Hal Abelson, Glenn Otis Brown, Michel Carroll, Catherine Casserly (CEO), Caterina Fake, Brian Fitzgerald, David Guggenheim, Joi Ito (Chair), Lawrence Lessig, Laurie Racine, Eric Saltzman, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Annetter Thomas, Jimmy Wales, Esther Wojciki (Vice Chair). Creative Commons used to be lead by Lawrence Lesigg, however he stepped down in 2008 passing on the post to Joi Ito. However, currently Catherine Casserly in now CEO | ||
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+ | |2002 | ||
+ | |CC released its first set of [[copyright]] licenses for free to the public and was inspired by the Free Software Foundation’s GNU General Public License. | ||
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+ | |2003 | ||
+ | |approximately 1 million licenses were in use, and by end of 2004 an estimated 4.7 licensed works were using CC. | ||
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+ | |2009 | ||
+ | |there were estimated 350 million CC licensed works, and Wikipedia migrated to CC Attribution – ShareAlike as its main content license. <ref name="Board"> Board of Directors http://creativecommons.org/board accessed December 08 2011. </ref>. | ||
==License Types== | ==License Types== |
Revision as of 04:05, 14 December 2011
Creative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization headquartered in Mountain View, California whose aim is to realize the full potential of the internet and drive a new era of development, growth, and productivity [1]. Essentially, Creative Commons builds upon the already existing copyright protection which is applied to any kind of work immediately after it is conceptualized. Copyright law grants an author right over their work from the moment of its conception. Furthermore, copyright law prohibits the making of copies without rights holder’s permission. However, due to the nature of the internet, copyright is increasingly relevant because of the ease of violating the law. Creative Commons creates a free, public, and standardized infrastructure that creates a balance between the reality of the internet and the reality of copyright laws. Creative Commons provides an infrastructure which consists of a set of copyright licenses and tools that create a balance inside the traditional “all rights reserved” setting that copyright law creates. This is done using a simple standardized way so artists can choose what level of copyright protection they desire. This ability plays a large roll on the Internet because information can be easily and legally, copied, distributed, edited and built upon. Specifically, this is done using 6 difference creative commons license types which give owners varying degrees of copyright protection. Furthermore, CC is recognized globally and licenses apply to affiliates all over the world. CC is especially useful because its licenses and tools were designed to work specifically with the web, which is rapidly becoming the easiest and most convenient method for information sharing. In addition to its license, CC also offers legal tools such as CC0 which is a public domain dedication for rights holders who want to put their work in public domain in advance of the expiration of their copyright. (Back to index)
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 License Types
- 2.1 The Three Layer Concept
- 2.2 Attribution license(abbreviated to 'BY')
- 2.3 Attribution Share Alike (abbreviated to ‘BY-SA’)
- 2.4 Attribution No Derivatives (abbreviated to ‘BY-ND’)
- 2.5 Attribution Non-commercial (abbreviated to ‘BY-NC’)
- 2.6 Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (‘BC-NC-ND’)
- 2.7 CC Zero (CC0)
- 3 Criticism
- 4 References
History
Creative Commons was founded in 2001 in part using support by the Center of the Public Domain. It's organizational structure is a board of directors which consists of leaders who are education experts, technologists, legal scholars, investors, entrepreneurs and philanthropists. Currently, Creative Commons offices reside in San Francisco, California and current board consists of Hal Abelson, Glenn Otis Brown, Michel Carroll, Catherine Casserly (CEO), Caterina Fake, Brian Fitzgerald, David Guggenheim, Joi Ito (Chair), Lawrence Lessig, Laurie Racine, Eric Saltzman, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Annetter Thomas, Jimmy Wales, Esther Wojciki (Vice Chair). Creative Commons used to be lead by Lawrence Lesigg, however he stepped down in 2008 passing on the post to Joi Ito. However, currently Catherine Casserly in now CEO
Year | Milestone |
---|---|
2002 | CC released its first set of copyright licenses for free to the public and was inspired by the Free Software Foundation’s GNU General Public License. |
2003 | approximately 1 million licenses were in use, and by end of 2004 an estimated 4.7 licensed works were using CC. |
2009 | there were estimated 350 million CC licensed works, and Wikipedia migrated to CC Attribution – ShareAlike as its main content license. [2].
License TypesThe Three Layer ConceptCreative Commons licenses are written in three "layers". This is done to make CC even easier to use. The first layer happens to be the legaleze that actually dictates the legal aspects of the license. Legal writing is often difficult and hard to read for most of the people that use Creative Commons so the company provides the second layer which is called the Commons Deed but is often referred to as the Human Readable version. This layer provides an easy way for the every day non-lawyer to understand what exactly the license allows for and covers. The third and final layer is the "machine readable" version. This allows for software and search engines to know what is available under a CC license. [3]Creative Commons offers six licenses for use and all of the licenses require attribution when using the work but offer varying degrees of freedom regarding the users ability to copy and distribute it. Attribution license(abbreviated to 'BY')Allows others to copy, distribute, display, and perform copyrighted work - and derivative works based upon it - but only as long as credit is given. [4] [5]
You allow others to distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs your work.[6] Attribution No Derivatives (abbreviated to ‘BY-ND’)You let others copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatim copies of your work, but not derivative works based upon it.[7] Attribution Non-commercial (abbreviated to ‘BY-NC’)Is the attribution which dictates that the original work cannot be used for commercial purposes.[8] Is similar to BY-SA, but with restriction that further uses can only be non-commercial.[9] Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (‘BC-NC-ND’)Similar to BY-NC, but original material cannot be changed or adapted in any way. This license is the most restrictive of the six main licenses. The work cannot be used commercially, nor can it be altered in any manner. [10] [11] CC Zero (CC0)CC zero or CC0 was introduced in 2008 and waives all copyright and puts material straight into the public domain, with no restrictions as to use. CriticismThe most common criticism of the creative commons license is that the creativity of individuals can be exploited by others without investing as much time in creating original content. This idea lumps those using the creative commons license into the mindset of rehashing old work without contributing anything novel. Furthermore, because of the low amount of official administration under creative commons, many people can abuse works under its license by claiming others' work to be their own. Smaller groups of content production, like bloggers or small news publications, can be greatly affected by others taking their work under the Creative Commons license and reusing it. Criticism with creative commons occur in several distinct areas:
Practice
The popular social sound platform Soundcloud gives users the option to use the Creative Commons license or All Right Reserved. If the user chooses the Creative Commons license their works will be available for other users to modify based on which protection layer was chosen. [14] See AlsoReferences
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